Airline Information Management System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Airline Information Management System. Answer: Presentation The carrier business association involves a few complex business forms that necessities to finish to continue maintaining the business just as satisfying the requests of the customers or the clients. The proposed data framework will be liable for giving noteworthy degree of mechanization in handling and Management of business tasks (Hsu Liou, 2013). So as to help aircrafts framework in making their business progressively proficient by improving the speed and nature of the tasks the framework will help in accomplishing better execution levels in the market. The accompanying report comprises of conversation about the utilitarian and non-practical necessities of the data framework created for XYZ carriers. Notwithstanding that the utilization cases and depictions of those utilization cases for various sub frameworks, framework capacities are additionally examined in the various segments of this report. For flight reservation subsystem The clients need to enroll to the framework before they utilize the various functionalities of this sub framework. This subsystem of the aircraft data framework will be answerable for dealing with the booking of the travelers for the flights, crossing out of the booking and some other change in the reservation by the travelers. Other practical necessities are, giving log in interfaces to confirmed client access to the framework. This sub framework must erase the clients if the clients are latent for a half year or more. After the booking is finished by the traveler this module will send an affirmation to that particular client or the traveler. For movement administration reservation framework As the XYZ aircrafts gives the non-flight administrations to the travelers accordingly this sub arrangement of the proposed framework will offer types of assistance like the inn booking, transportation booking and different administrations. This sub framework will send sends and speaks with the colleagues to affirm the appointments by the travelers (Hsu Liou, 2013). Additionally when the booking is finished the framework will send insights regarding the booking to the traveler. Taking care of the finance of the representatives: This is the most significant usefulness of the human asset Management subsystem and dealing with the Payroll of the representatives is itself a mind boggling task which are stacked with conditions and association approaches, so this subsystem of the aircraft data framework need to finish this activity reliably for each individual resulting to figuring his/her leaves, additional working hours and various alternate points of view which impacts his month to month compensation. Enrollment and preparing: This module of the carrier data framework helps in sifting through the various exercises in the enlistment procedure authentically like, Management of up-and-comer resumes, shortlisting the possibility for the meeting board, setting the choice measures, number of round of meetings and various exercises which ought to be executed as the piece of the representative enlistment process. For Accounting and Finance subsystem Recording of the financial exchange: This subsystem of the proposed framework will help in convenient account of the monetary exchanges by the association just as by the travelers. This will assist the association with tracking the exhibition of the business execution in the market against its rivals. Age of the reports: This subsystem will be utilized to create financial reports that will support the chiefs or the leaders to decide the business techniques to improve its business and offer better types of assistance to the travelers (Hsu Liou, 2013). This reports will likewise help in the estimating the income for a period and to examine the variables that are answerable for accomplishing those front threw focus for the business. Computerization of the business power: This subsystem will finish the procedures that gives the administration gives a report comprising of clients buying or booking conduct, creating open doors for securing new customers, and dealing with the necessities of the various partners including the travelers. Computerization of promoting forms: This Provides the ability to create qualified leads, smooth out the business techniques and coordination among the deals and the showcasing offices while propelling new crusades and business procedures. Nonfunctional necessities for the diverse sub-frameworks The entirety of the above subsystem will have the equivalent non-useful prerequisites, for example, Straightforward and simple to explore interfaces: every one of the subsystem must give a simple to explore UI so anybody with insignificant specialized information can work and complete their obligations and assignments (Hsu Liou, 2013). Dependability: As the data framework are helpless against various sort of disappointments along these lines the framework must be solid and secure the secrecy and respectability of business information. Any utilization case is constantly started by a client due to a particular goal, and completes successfully when that goal is satisfied by utilizing the framework. It depicts the course of action of joint efforts among the distinctive sub frameworks and the clients to pass on the organization that satisfies the goal of the client (Sangar Iahad 2013). It furthermore fuses possible varieties of this arranging e.g., elective progressions that may satisfy the goal, and what's more groupings that may incite failure to complete the organization taking into account unprecedented direct, botch managing, etc. Condition for the proposed framework This proposed framework will be online framework. This will support the workers, chiefs and the travelers to get to the framework through the web whenever and from anyplace. So as to utilize the framework it is imperative to have a work station with processor Pentium 4 or higher with 100 GB of circle space. The working stage for this framework is recommended to be Linux or any variation of Linux which will guarantee the security of information (Hsu Liou, 2013). The front end or the UI of the framework will be planned utilizing the ASP.Net and the database of the framework will be taken care of utilizing the SQL server 2008. At whatever point any sort of client attempts to sign in the framework will deliver a sign in Interface. B after this the client will be given the interfaces according to the kind of the client. On the off chance that the client is an administrator or worker, at that point it will create interfaces like the Manage Employees, Manage Flights, and Generate Revenue reports, On the off chance that the client is a traveler, at that point the framework will give interfaces the choices like the Book Tickets, Check Booking Status, or Cancel Booking For the improvement of the data framework for the XYZ aircrafts it is chosen to utilize the nimble framework advancement technique. The explanation for this determination can be expressed as, the spry philosophy gives various open doors for the customer and the framework improvement group commitment in the advancement procedure previously, during and after every cycle of the turn of events (Sangar Iahad 2013). By remembering the client or the business association for every movement of the framework advancement venture, it helps in building up a significant level of coordinated effort between the client and improvement group, giving more opportunities to the gathering to truly appreciate the associations necessity and vision for the proposed framework. Framework vision report and WBS For building up the framework we expected that the XYZ carrier is confronting various issues in dealing with its distinctive business activity and it was incredibly difficult to manage their customers as the quantity of clients developing intensely. It was a direct result of their extraordinary customer administrations, for example, get and drop from the air terminal, giving non-flight administrations, for example, lodging booking, with this expanding number of clients they started to confront the issues with the satisfaction of the customer requests (Hsu Liou, 2013). The principle issue was that in manual record keeping record keeping framework and other disengaged business forms extreme measure of representatives were required, by and large dull procedure is incorporated, that made burden the two customers and furthermore to the administrators to deal with all the business forms while keeping up profitability from the business and furthermore the customer fulfillment. The completely evolved framework will have the option to perform examination of high volume, rapid business information preparing. This will guarantee the association to get quicker and precise correspondence about the business forms inside the association and with the different colleagues (Sangar Iahad 2013). Notwithstanding that the framework will diminish an opportunity to finish the errands by utilizing the mechanization of the framework which will guarantee quicker preparing of the information and fulfillment of the related assignments. Quicker and economical information get to: The proposed framework will encourage the workers, directors and the travelers of the carriers organization to get to a colossal measure of information, administrations through the framework from anyplace and whenever (Hsu Liou, 2013). Better co-appointment: The representatives of various divisions will have the option to convey better through having exactly the same information available to them at each time. It helps in having same information about the business forms among various divisions and confined frameworks. Upgraded process execution: As the framework will give and update the information at ongoing in this way any adjustment in any business activities will be effortlessly identified by the representatives or the chiefs which will assist them with redesigning the procedures to cop up with the new conditions and complete the distinctive business forms on schedule. Working cost decrease with upgraded profitability: The proposed application helps in advancing progressively capable activity of the association and moreover improves the flexibly of incorporated information to supervisors or the leaders; applying of this

Capital Punishment Essays (570 words) - Penology, Criminal Justice

The death penalty When turning on the TV, radio, or just perusing the neighborhood paper, one is overpowered with updates on captures, murders, crimes, sequential executioners, and different genuine wrongdoings. It is uncommon not to experience a day in this world and not know about these things. All things considered, some administration authorities in our nation appear to be a piece dubious about what steps to take so as to limit the activities of genuine or then again potential guilty parties. Not exclusively is it carrying out a wrongdoing, yet additionally today, it is finishing ones life, either truly or in a jail cell. This is a hazard one is taking when he chooses to wound somebody with a blade or pull a trigger, yet is it truly up to our equity framework to choose one's destiny? There are numerous issues that address this inquiry of the death penalty, for example, religion, the impact on society, compensation being denied, the conceivable wrongly charged, and the privileges of the indicted. Be that as it may, how regularly do these ideas creep into the publics mind when it knows about our reasonable and trusty government removing somebody's breathing rights? The book of scriptures states, Thou will not murder, what's more, this being a transgression ought to must be rectified inside oneself. On the other hand, it likewise states, Don't pass judgment on others individual feelings. It is an administration's obligation to rebuff individuals that ignore the law to keep the world all together, however is it their entitlement to remove their lives? It is a Christian's duty to call attention to the individuals who sin that they do as such and this nation, confiding in God as it says it does, ought to do only that. A few individuals feel that compensation is conceded when one is condemned until the very end punishment. Be that as it may, if a friend or family member is killed and his family feels equity in having the killer experience the equivalent, is it not thought about similarly off-base? Pardoning and overlooking are altogether not feasible, however one ought to think about the idea of disappointment and regret. Similarly as one feels horrible when illegitimately passes through their neighbors yard, without a doubt a killer may feel the same. One is just human and nobody can anticipate any more. An error is a mix-up, regardless of whom it might hurt or what pulverization it might cause. There's consistently the possibility of the blameless being in an unlucky spot. A bunch of proof from a solid attorney could condemn somebody to life in jail, and even capital punishment. One could be going through and finishing his time on earth in bondage for essentially strolling down an inappropriate road on an inappropriate day. Should he need to serve the time that is not legitimately his and take the needle that shouldn't prick his skin? It's a little shortcoming in the equity framework that isn't anything but difficult to survive, however such's somebody's reality, and not realizing reality could be obliterating. Abraham Lincoln pronounced, All men are made equivalent. This announcement of truth has clearly been kept separate from thought in the court. Everybody merits another opportunity since they are on the whole fit for renewal. The wrongdoer ought to get the opportunity to return into the world and substantiate himself decent. On the off chance that fathoming defilement with shamelessness is the world's solution for compromise, at that point why not hack off the cheat's hand? An eye for an eye was the equity of the past. It is currently a cutting edge world dependent on rationale also, change. Should a legislature carry out a wrongdoing to legitimize another? On the off chance that the death penalty was exclusively founded on rebuffing the transgressors, there would be nobody left to infuse the needle or pull the switch on.

Business plan for chinese restaurant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategy for chinese eatery - Essay Example The proprietors needed to give the market, understudies from the University and close by places, with a possibility for a snappy assistance eatery that offers quality food at a moderate cost. As an additional oddity, the proprietors will add a turn to the product offering by intertwining oriental Chinese cooking with western food to give clients something to rave about and return for. The fundamental vehicle for its Marketing is web based promoting, using the web as a primary device in drawing in the potential clients and tempting them into examining the items. Web based life and site design improvement apparatuses will be used to empower the organization to have a more extensive reach and centered showcasing. II. Market Opportunity/Problem Definition 1. Client Value Proposition Mr. Choi’s Kitchen will speak to clients who are consistently in a hurry in light of the fact that the business will adjust a cheap food idea and pacing. Customers will invest little energy to sit tigh t for their arranged food. This set up is best for occupied understudies, youthful experts and youthful wedded couples who have the purchasing limit and would need to appreciate exemplary Chinese food without the decorations and whine offered by the standard Chinese eateries. Proprietors have just made beginning execution arrangements focusing on college understudies. The underlying arrangement was to bring the Chinese café set up to the colleges, which is our objective market. This café will be finished with plunk down and eat in courtesies. Mr. Choi’s Kitchen focuses on the youthful group with its East meets west and cheap food idea. These are individuals who are consistently in a hurry, and would undoubtedly acknowledge food being served quick. For this situation, they can pick their dishes from among the wide exhibit of food items to be served ala-carte. 2. Client Landscape Our objective market is undergrads who need a fast and sound lunch or supper during their bustlin g educational time and intrigued by Asian food. In the time of 2012, there are 39,236 understudies and 12,053 workers in the University of Arizona. This is our essential objective market. They are a bustling gathering of individuals who might lean toward the administration of an inexpensive food chain. They are obliged by time because of school work, and are profoundly portable. They likewise have a propensity for snappy assistance. This figure does exclude other potential clients, for example, representatives working in organizations around University of Arizona or downtown of Tucson. The quantity of inhabitants around the grounds inside one mile span is around 20,000. 3. Industry Dynamics There are more than 600,000 eateries and food shops in the United States. Net yearly receipts complete more than $ 172 billion dollars for every year (National Restaurant Association 2012). It is one of the country’s biggest earning enterprises. The food business likewise utilizes more tha n ten million individuals, and produces a yearly finance of more than $ 34 Billion every year. In the article â€Å"How and Where America Eats†, over 40% of American families eat out at any rate one night out of every week. Americans, in general, have likewise gotten a lot busier. An ever increasing number of families presently have two earnings and all things considered, the convention of remaining at home and preparing suppers is evaporating. Among these foundations, a huge part offer Chinese cooking as their food sort. 4. Serious Landscape Our primary rivals incorporate Panda Express in the Student Union, Jimmy Johns on Park Ave., Chipotle Mexican Grill on University Blvd, and Bagel Talk in Park Student Union. They either have the comparable plan of action or

Leading strategic change in health and social care - 1925 Words

Leading strategic change in health and social care (Term Paper Sample) Content: University Pedophilia: Leading strategic change in health and social care by Your Name Date Lecturer's Name and Course Number Leading strategic change in health and social care The defining factor of an effective senior manager is the ability to lead and manage sustainable strategic change in the unbalanced and random conditions the health and social organizations operating in today. As a manager in order to be able to lead strategic change in the health and social care, you need to understand and systematically analyze the context of change (Academy 2014). Identifying the context of change will enable the health managers to be aware of the range of things they should take into account. Some of the context of change they should take into consideration include the political, social, technical, economic organizational and also the professional environment of the health and social care workers who they are working for them. They also need to put into consideration and be able to understand and interpret the relevance of legislation and accountability of the frameworks they intend to put in place (Academy 2014). A good manager should also be able to prepare and also anticipate for the future by scanning for ideas, best practices and also the emerging trends that will impact on the health outcomes. In order for the manager to be able to make strategic changes in the health and social care, they should be able to develop and communication aspirations with their social workers in order to be able to view how receptive they shall be to the changes (Academy 2014). The other thing that they need to put into consideration is they should be able to investigate the triggers to change in the health and social care. Some of the triggers to change in the health care include demographic changes which can be defined as the changes in the population structure of the people (Maccoby 2013). There can either be an increase in old people which can trigger changes in the healthcare and also social services. Other triggers include certain factors such as in order to improve the day to day efficiency in order to be able to sustain and promote the cultural standards within the health and social care facility (Maccoby 2013). Some of the types of strategic and operational changes that can be incorporated include changing of the professional roles in the health and social care facilities. This will not only have the effect of improving the patient's outcome and experience but also make most use of the skills of the professionals in social and health care facility (Maccoby 2013). Another strategic operation change is tightening the eligibility of the criteria by social authorities which results to an increase in the unmet needs. Reforming the funding of long term care will have the effect of establishing a new settlement between the state and the individuals. The manager has several roles in leading organizational change in healthcare and also in social care. For instance, the manager should ensure that the change in the healthcare is obligated to acquiring and maintaining the expertise needs to undertake their professional tasks and those they are only obligated to undertake the tasks under which they are competent in (Al-Abri 2007). The manager should also ensure that he is able to handle the complexity of the change process that is being experienced in the organization by being able to evaluate, plan and implement he operations, tactics not forgetting the strategies in order to ensure that the change they are making is relevant and worthwhile (Al-Abri 2007). In order for the manager to be able to manage and handle the change process effectively, he must incorporate several change management theories and models. The most appropriate change management models to be utilized by the manager are the Lewin's change management model, McKinsey 7-S Model and the Kotter's 8 Step change model (Tiffany and Lutjens 1997). The Lewins change management model will offer the manager with three stages of change which are the unfreeze stage, transition stage and the refreeze stage. Thus model will provide a long but easy way to execute the change process no matter how complex it may seem. The McKinsey 7-S model will offer the manager with a holistic approach giving him with seven factors to consider while implementing the change. These are, the manager should be able to identify the following crucial factors present in the organization which are the shared values, the strategy, the structure of the organization, the systems present in the organization, the styles, the staff and finally the skills possessed by the staff (Tiffany and Lutjens 1997). This method will offer an effective method of diagnosing and also understanding the organization and also will provide guidance all through the organization's change process. The final model is the Kotter's step change model which will make the change process to appear as a campaign whereby the leaders will convince the employees of the urgency of the need to perform change in an organization. This shall be made so by provision of eight steps which should be followed by the manager during the change process. This model is the best because it simplifies the change process into a stepwise process and also transition is made easier by the use of this model (Tiffany and Lutjens 1997). During the changing process, there shall be resistance to change from either the healthcare and social care employees or even from outside the health and social care facilities. There can exist opposition of the ideas for several reasons which include disagreements and confusions over the key information of the idea. This can be from the employees who may be experiencing lack of information leading to disagreeing with the idea itself. This kind of resistance can also be caused by a mere confusion apart from lack of exposure (Balogun 2014). Another reason to resistance to change can be as a result of psychological and emotional reaction to change. This entails people's response to the proposed change and is often based on fear of losing face, friends the control they had over their jobs and so on. Another reason for the resistance to change can be based on the fact that the people are not resisting the idea of change, in fact they like it, and they are just resisting you, the proposer of the change. This can be caused by their historical experience with you and as a result they may resist you or the people you represent (Balogun 2014). In order for the manager to be able to deal with the resistance to change, he can incorporate several measures in order to limit and overcome the resistance to change. The manager should ensure that he has given the people more information and convincing arguments and also detailed fact about the change he intends to bring into the organization (Balogun 2014). In order to do this he must ensure that he is influential by having clearly set specific outcomes and their expected outcomes. This can be best done by performing presentations and also sessions involving questions and answers. Another way to deal with resistance is by the manager discussing and fully exploring the idea of change with the staff. At this point, the manager should ensure that he is able to listen and also perform meaningful dialogues with all the involved stakeholders who incorporate the employees and the workers in healthcare and social care. the manager can also ensure that he starts to build or rather rebuild relationships with the employees before introducing the idea of change. This will help him regain trust from the employees which will help in the implementation of the idea of change. The change management strategies must also incorporate several ways of building good connections with the employees as you plan and implement the idea (Balogun 2014). Performing change in healthcare and social care can have several impacts on the culture of the organization. For instance an organization can be having a perfect strategic plan but the culture can hinder the implementation of such strategic plan. This therefore implies that in order for an organization to be able to perform certain change, the management of the organization must be able to consider the culture of the organization (Eden, 2003). This is because culture is the one that dictates the performance of the organization and also it tells more about a certain organization because it holds the beliefs and values that shape the behavior and also that dictate how things are done. The stakeholders of an organization also play an important role to the change of an organization. This is because the stakeholders are the key features in the management of the organization and they should therefore be considered before implementing change in an organization because they dictate the marketing, branding and also corporate social responsibility. The stakeholders should be able to realize the benefits of certain changes being incorporated in the organization in order for them to be able to initiate it (Pennington 2003). In order to ensure professional staff is committed to the strategic change, the manager should be able to incorporate several measures which would motivate them. An example is whereby the manager can establish preconditions for the change whereby formal and informal strategies can be developed to harness the individuals to change. This will also have the effect of reducing resistance from the workers through informal discussions and dialogues. There are several techniqu...

Tenir le coup - French Expression

Expression: Tenir le coup Pronunciation: [ teu neer leu koo] Meaning: to cope, hold up, handle, make it through; to stay the course Literal translation: to hold the blow Register: normal Notes The French expression tenir le coup can be used for both people and things. For people, tenir le coup means to cope with a difficult situation. For things, it indicates that something is holding up, such as evidence or the economy. Examples   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ€¡a a à ©tà © un choc atroce, mais il tient le coup.   Ã‚  Ã‚  It was a terrible shock, but hes coping.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne pense pas que là ©conomie puisse tenir le coup.   Ã‚  Ã‚  I dont think the economy can hold up. More Expressions with tenirExpressions with coupMost common French phrases

Discrimination And Immigration Policy Problems - 850 Words

Discrimination and Immigration Policy problems Canadian s immigration policies have been known to discriminate based on ethnicity. are speaks a lot to how Canadians shifted in accepting more immigrants, not necessarily because of an expanded view and approval for other ethnicities, but for labor and economic reasons. The post-war era required skillful workers, and now that European migration stalled Canada removed tightly bound racist policies ( Source 2). Before and during World War two, Canada s immigration Acts particularly the Chinese Immigration Act (1923) were both extremely exclusive and racist. From 1900 to 1965 Canada s immigration policy favored the British, American and European immigrants. This is what has given Canada the narrative of a white man s country. It wasn t until Diefenbaker and Pearson government s revised the immigration acts and removed Anglo-European preference. Once immigration expanded to non-European countries Canadians thought their racist roots had perished, however, racist attitudes are st ill alive. Though multiculturalism is good in theory the federal policy generates difficulties. The country has deep roots in racism and is not immune to discrimination. While most people refrain from direct expressions racism, they will often condone, overlook or be blatantly unaware of the fundamental ways in which society s institutions and immigration policy. (source 4) The mmigration policy adopted in the 1970 s created a pointShow MoreRelatedEssay about The 1999 Immigration and Asylum Seekers Act1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1999 Immigration and Asylum Seekers Act To begin with this essay will give reasons why the 1999 Immigration and Asylum Seekers Act was introduced, also the measures put in place to deal with this issue. Secondly, the measures Labour implemented to tackle this asylum issue, the affect of the voucher scheme on social welfare and its criticism’s. Additionally this essay will explore the affects of the Enforced Dispersal element of the 1999 Act and it’s implicationsRead MoreImmigration Policy And Its Impact On America882 Words   |  4 Pagespermanently settling in America, the immigration policy has affected all aspects of society in terms of growth and development of economy, societal issues, and national security. As the immigration policy is a broad topic among senators, it needs to be prioritize for it to be better understood. In doing so will improve the immigration policy and grasp the significance of its impact in America. Many of the values that brings America together as a nation, is due to immigration. America is a melting pot ofRead MoreThe Problems Of Integration Of Immigrants1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe problems of integration of Immigrants in Canada: What problems did the high skilled immigrant s faces? Introduction Even though the Canada is historically was settled and developed by immigrants, the immigration and integration of migrants are still controversial issues in Canada. Integration is also a multidimensional process involving economic, social, political, and cultural integration. Unfortunately, current immigration policies in Canada’s new economy have primarily focused on economicRead MoreIn 1931, James Truslow Adams Conceived The American Dream973 Words   |  4 Pagesas many say ironically say, Make American White Again. Since Trump took office in January 1, 2017, he has imposed fear and discrimination for immigrants. Some of these actions include building a wall on the southern border and a travel ban for several Muslim countries. Because Trump’s proposed immigration policies cause more harm than good, including chaos and discrimination, they should not be implemented in the United States. Since its foundation the, U.S has been a country that receives peopleRead MorePros And Cons Of Undocumented Immigrants1701 Words   |  7 Pagesbe granted citizenship without going through all the hardships such as inhumane treatments, labeling/categorizing, harassment and detains. Undocumented immigrants are always supposedly up to no good and seen as the enemy. â€Å"There is no need for immigration so why have it?† you may ask. Throughout the years, many people have traveled to the United States from other countries to get a well paying job in order to maintain their families, to provide everything it takes to be successful for their kidsRead MoreThe Enactment Of Arizona Immigration Laws1241 Words   |  5 Pagesstatement: The enactment of Arizona immigration laws is the result of long-standing structural racism effects, and the practice of these laws leads to unconstitutional racial profiling concerns that target the Latino community on the basis of ethnicity. B. Description of paper / argument: a. In this paper, I will first discuss the historical development of structural racism in Arizona. b. Second, I will examine and analyze Arizona’s current immigration policies. c. Finally, I will discuss unconstitutionalRead MoreIllegal Immigration in America Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesIllegal immigration at the U.S. - Mexico border is a growing problem, and the death toll is rising as more people are attempting to illegally enter the United States. As a result of an increasing number of people trying to enter into the United States illegally, the border is now being guarded by an increasing number of border patrol officers. The United States implemented different laws and operations to prevent more illegal immigration from Mexico into the United States. The ‘Operation Gatekeeper’Read MoreThe Face Of Education And The Changes It Has Undertaken Throughout History1425 Words   |  6 Pagesfor centuries, but with a greater immigration movement and presence, an educator s’ ability is limited and the fate of such children are left to suffer. Pulling from America’s position as a â€Å"melting pot† of different cultures and p eople, students should not be subjugated to poverty and educational ignorance just because of their status as an â€Å"illegal immigrant,† a distinction made by the choices of their parents and the situations of their past. Illegal immigration is not by choice to intrude uponRead MoreImmigration And Nationality Act Of 1952 Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Immigration to the United States has become a significant public and political debate, questions primarily surrounding inflow, roles in the labor market, admission policies, benefits, and costs. In 1952, Congress proposed and passed the Immigration and Nationality Act, also known as the McCarran-Walter Act, to revise the laws relating to immigration, naturalization, and nationality. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, signed by President Truman, was initially drafted to excludeRead MoreWithout a doubt, the European continent has been through a lot over the last few decades. From900 Words   |  4 Pageslast few decades. From World War 2, to the iron grip of Soviet Russia on half of the continent, many problems have arisen and been dealt with. Unfortunately, Europe has had a rough few years when it comes to the somewhat newer issue of immigration and immigrant groups. While some countries have managed immigration better than others, nations such as France and Italy have had their fair share of problems and continue to pass legislation that is flawed and draws criticism from other countries. The issue

Psychology Breast Cancer

Question: Discuss about thePsychology forBreast Cancer. Answer: Introduction The paper deals with the case study of Mary who is diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. In this stage breast cancer, this has not spread beyond the axillary lymph nodes (Lyman et al., 2014). In refference to the case study, the paper presents the emotional, cognitive, and behavioural responses that Mary is likely to experience in relation to this diagnosis. In relation to the illness, the potential risks and the protective factors relevant to Marys situation is also discussed. Discussion The emotional responses of Mary in relation to distress include fear of severe symptoms such as pain, trouble sleeping, and fatigue. She is under severe shock about the future consequences. Further, she is concerned about her body image disruption, unable to breastfeed her babies, sexual dysfunction. She is worried with intrusive thoughts about the disease. Since, Mary has no support from her husband who is deployed for over 12 months, she is highly vulnerable to chronic depression (Park Rosenstein, 2015). She communicates with her parents on a regular basis. She has not seen them physically after the birth of her twin boys. Due to lack of emotional and moral support from her loved ones, she has persistent anxiety. This is the risk factor for worsening of her condition (Fernandes-Taylor et al., 2014). Due to lack of marital communication, Mary is overwhelmed with concerns regarding the inability to control adverse situation. In addition, Mary has poor social connectedness as lives i n housing provided through the defence force for the families of service men. She has no family living nearby. There is a risk of increasing uncertainty about the future. Further, emotional concerns include the risk of financial burden and other socio-economic factors (Berman et al., 2014). The common behavioural concerns of Mary in response to the diagnosis are disturbances in sleep, energy, mood, and cognition. As it is seen that Mary has several psychosocial concerns, there is a risk that she may lack positive behavioural response towards her illness (Manne et al., 2014). Due to lack of care and compassion in her life, Mary is at risk of not being able to cope up with her disease symptoms. She is at risk of overtly critical behaviour. According to Berman et al., (2014) coping strategies that are based on the realistic expectation are found to be effective in adapting to the illness over time. However, for Mary there is a risk of poor coping behaviour also known as behavioural disengagement due to lack of realistic expectations (Stanton Bower, 2015). Her behaviour towards screening, adherence to medication and treatment of the cancer may be affected if the psychosocial needs are unmet. It in turn increases the risk of having poor quality of life and mental well-being . Considering the case study of Mary, it can be interpreted that she may have maladaptive cognitive processing. Cognitive processing refers to realising and accepting the illness as a reason to reconsider the priorities. The rationale for this interpretation is the unsupportive behaviour of her partner. Her husband fails to be present at time of her delivery. Therefore, she may experience non-sharing of her concerns and daily events. It increases the risk of holding back the sharing of her concerns and mental disengagement (Jung et al., 2016). Cognitive processing may be effected due to risk of fatigue, insomnia, depression and cognitive disturbance (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, 2009). It may also affect her mental resilience, childcare responsibilities, activities of daily living and performances (Wu et al., 2013). Mary has several protective factors relevant to her situation. She can accept the global meaning to her illness that is everything happens for a reason. It may help her reconsider her priorities and reduce intrusive thoughts (Stanton Bower, 2015). She is at young age and is at early stage. Mary can call her parents to stay with her. It may help her meet her needs of compassion and care. It will consequently assist Mary in coping mechanism. Counselling session can help her in developing mental resilience (Hooper, 2009). According to Pinto?Gouveia et al., (2014) psychopathological symptoms related to depression and stress can be decreased by increasing self-compassion. Self-compassionate attributes are beneficial in improving the psychological adjustment. Engaging in physical activity such as exercises and yoga, mindfulness based activities. Improving health literacy can help cope with the illness by participating in health promoting behaviour (Nyrop et al., 2016). Conclusion In conclusion, Mary may have detrimental effects due to unsupportive behaviour of her partner. However, there are protective factors, which may help her overcome her potential risks related to her illness. Healthy control on disease can be achieved by active participation in treatment and self-care activities. However, identifying and addressing the relevant risk factors by means of psycho-social interventions can help prevent advanced stage of illness. References Berman, M. G., Askren, M. K., Jung, M., Therrien, B., Peltier, S., Noll, D. C., . . . Cimprich, B. (2014;2013;). Pretreatment worry and neurocognitive responses in women with breast cancer.Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association,33(3), 222-231. doi:10.1037/a0033425 Fernandes-Taylor, S., Adesoye, T., Bloom, J. R. (2015). Managing psychosocial issues faced by young women with breast cancer at the time of diagnosis and during active treatment.Current opinion in supportive and palliative care,9(3), 279-284. Hooper, L. M. (2009). Individual and family resilience: definitions, research, and frameworks relevant for all counselors. The Alabama Counseling Association Journal, 35(1), 1926. (Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ875400.pdf) Jung, M. S., Zhang, M., Askren, M. K., Berman, M. G., Peltier, S., Hayes, D. F., ... Cimprich, B. (2016). Cognitive dysfunction and symptom burden in women treated for breast cancer: a prospective behavioral and fMRI analysis.Brain imaging and behavior, 1-12. Lyman, G. H., Somerfield, M. R., Bosserman, L. D., Perkins, C. L., Weaver, D. L., Giuliano, A. E. (2017). Sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with early-stage breast cancer: American society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline update.Journal of Clinical Oncology,35(5), 561-564. doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.71.0947 Manne, S., Kashy, D. A., Siegel, S., Myers Virtue, S., Heckman, C., Ryan, D. (2014). Unsupportive partner behaviors, social-cognitive processing, and psychological outcomes in couples coping with early stage breast cancer.Journal of Family Psychology,28(2), 214. National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre. (2009). Breast cancer risk factors: a review of the evidence. Retrieved from https://canceraustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/breast-cancer-risk-factors-review-evidence/pdf/rfrw-breast-cancer-risk-factors-a-review-of-the-evidence_1.15.pdf Nyrop, K. A., Deal, A. M., Williams, G. R., Guerard, E. J., Pergolotti, M., Muss, H. B. (2016). Physical activity communication between oncology providers and patients with early?stage breast, colon, or prostate cancer.Cancer,122(3), 470-476. Park, E. M., Rosenstein, D. L. (2015). Depression in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(2), 171180. (Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4518700/). Pinto?Gouveia, J., Duarte, C., Matos, M., Frguas, S. (2014). The protective role of self?compassion in relation to psychopathology symptoms and quality of life in chronic and in cancer patients.Clinical psychology psychotherapy,21(4), 311-323. Stanton, A. L., Bower, J. E. (2015). Psychological adjustment in breast cancer survivors. InImproving Outcomes for Breast Cancer Survivors(pp. 231-242). Springer International Publishing. Wu, G., Feder, A., Cohen, H., Kim, J. J., Calderon, S., Charney, D. S., Math, A. A. (2013). Understanding resilience. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00010

Swot Analysis Essay Example For Students

Swot Analysis Essay A SWOT analysis determines a companys position by examining 4 factorsStrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesThreatsStrengths and weaknesses are said to be internal, that is, controlled by the company. Opportunities and Threats are outside the companys control and are therefore said to be external influences. StrengthsMost people are willing to try a new product. If they are impressed, they will trust the company and build a loyalty to it. It is the only product of its kind, therefore, it would have a large target audienceAs my company is new, it has no reputation. This could be seen as a weakness, but I prefer to see it as strength, because although it has no goodwill, it also has no bad will against it. Goodwill can be built over time. We will write a custom essay on Swot Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now My distribution costs would be kept to a minimum, as my channel would be very small. My Company Wholesalers Retailers Consumers. Decisions can be made quickly as there will be a small management team. This means increased efficiency within the firm. WeaknessesMy product is untried and untested, so I have no idea how successful my product will be or if there will be any real demand for it. I will have to employ a distributor as I am a small firm and cannot afford to supply my own distribution. This will still cost a lot of moneyI wont be able to take advantage of any economies of scale, as my company wont be big enoughI have no expert knowledge in any aspect of marketing. But to employ someone who does will cost extra moneyPeople will not want to buy a whole new clothesline just to have this invention on it. OpportunitiesThere is a gap in the market for this product. No one has invented this yet, therefore, it may have the opportunity to monopolise this segment of the market. There may be unsatisfied needs within the market. This will be identified through research. ThreatsThe use of tumble dryers will make my product redundantA competitor may come up with an idea the same or similar, which would threaten my main selling point, originality. Inflation rates, the strength of the pound and employment rates affect the publics disposable income. If this is low, my product will not sell as much as if it was high and the public had more to spend on luxury goods. Technology may advance, leaving my product out of date. This would lessen its appeal greatly, as the public usually wants the most recent technology. The weather is a factor I cant control, but yet it may determine when or if my product sells. Monitoring Environmental ForcesMy company will monitor environmental forces over the next five years using environmental scanning. This is the process of monitoring and analysing the marketing environment of a company. I must define a range of forces that require monitoring. These must be the environmental forces which the business thinks will have the most impact on its future prospects Swot Analysis Essay Example For Students Swot Analysis Essay McDonalds vs. Burger King Organizational Diagnosis by Fastalk Consultants In diagnosing the McDonalds organization, the first issue we will examine is their company goals. McDonalds has a goal of one hundred percent total customer satisfaction. However, they do realize that this goal is not always attainable. Therefore, if for any reason they do not meet that goal, they will do whatever it takes to correct their mistake. McDonalds has a second company goal that sets them apart from most of their competitors. McDonalds was founded on the principle of giving back to the community, and that remains one of their primary goals today. Through their charities, Ronald McDonalds House and Ronald McDonalds Childrens Charities, McDonalds has pumped millions of dollars back into the community over the years. McDonalds customer service policy is laid out in the McDonalds Guarantee. We will write a custom essay on Swot Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The McDonalds Guarantee states, Your food will be hot. Your service will be fast and friendly. And your drive-thru orders will be double-checked right. If youre not satisfied, well make it right. Or your next meal is on us. Guaranteed. The customer service procedures of McDonalds are centered on focusing on one customer at a time. They are more concerned with the quality of the service than the speed of the service. Employees usually take only one order at a time. They then prepare that order while the customers wait. After the present customer is satisfied, they move on to the next customer. This procedure allows great accuracy and quality, but lacks speed. McDonalds climate was not very appealing. Everything appeared to be focused around the business instead of the customers. Employees were working at a rapid pace, but it seemed like they had no time for customers. They acted as if it was a burden for them to stop and answer a simple question or refill a drink. The atmosphere was also very noisy. There was constant beeping, banging, and yelling coming from the service area. They did not provide a pleasant ambiance for customers to dine in. McDonalds communication and leadership were also lacking. The only communication between employees and customers was the placement of orders. The employees provided no feedback in terms of double-checking orders or communicating any delays that might occur. Communication between employees consisted of loud yelling throughout the kitchen. In terms of leadership, we did not see a manager present during our entire visit. Diagnosing Burger King was a little more difficult because they do not provide customers with literature (pamphlets) communicating goals and policies, as McDonalds does. However, Burger Kings goals seemed quite clear. They want to individualize each customers order and provide the fastest service possible. Burger Kings policy is to give the customer many choices and to accurately and quickly provide whatever the customer chooses. This policy is reflected in their slogan, Your way, right away. Operating under this policy makes it very easy to achieve their goals. Through the many choices they provide it is easy to customize each order. Burger Kings procedures are also consistent with their goals. In order to individualize each order they provide customers with many options when ordering. Some options include fries or onion rings, cheese, bacon, mustard, ketchup, mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato, pickles, and onion. The customer can pick any combination of these options that they desire. To facilitate fast service Burger King takes customer orders on a continual basis. One employee takes the customers order, the customer then moves down the line where another employee is preparing the order. Meanwhile, the original employee is taking another customers order. Customers also get their own drinks while they are waiting for their meal. This makes service much faster in that employees do not have to prepare drinks or provide refills. The climate at Burger King was very pleasant. The employees conveyed the attitude that they were there to assist the customers in any way possible. The restaurant was very clean and there were no loud noises from the service area. They also provided relaxing music for customers to listen to while dining. Burger King possessed more than adequate communication and leadership. Employees gave the customers feedback on their orders. Each customer received a receipt, which enabled them to double-check their order. The employees also read the order back to the customer before handing them the order. In terms of leadership, there was a manager in plain sight throughout our visit. The manager showed involvement by taking orders and coaching employees. Our group compared and contrasted McDonalds and Burger King as follows: Comparison between McDonalds and Burger King Analysis: I. Organizational Goals Both McDonalds and Burger King share the same basic organizational goals of profitability, sales volume, fast and courteous service, and cleanliness. There are minor variations to these goals by both companies. II. Organizational Structure When observing McDonalds and Burger king, the organizational structures of the two restaurants were very similar. There appeared to be a crew leader who was a non-managerial employee and, there was a manager who was present behind the counter. The managers of the restaurants seemed to be in control of every aspect of the entire food service process. He had keys to the store, and registers, and also was the only one to take phone calls. One might assume that because both restaurants are chains, there is a hierarchy of command. There is perhaps a regional manager, then a district manager, all the way up to a CEO of McDonalds and Burger King. The distinction between the management and the staff was very clear and apparent by looking at their uniforms. III. Technology Both McDonalds and Burger King are on the cutting edge of technology. They both employ state of the art cash registers and both have electric timers built into their cooking machines. .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 , .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 .postImageUrl , .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 , .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438:hover , .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438:visited , .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438:active { border:0!important; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438:active , .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438 .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7732c10763700835a5707caf28526438:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Female Self Esteem Essay Although the cooking styles vary between Burger King and McDonalds, the method of production is the same. Large batches of food are cooked at once then placed under heat lamps or put in the microwave when an order is placed. Both stores have the same drive through technology with a speaker and a well-lit menu to relay the message to the cooks. Usually whoever takes the order is also the same person to collect the money; however, a different person usually puts the order together for the customer. IV. Employee Motivation The motivation of both stores for employees to perform well is hard to ascertain from just observing, but it appears somewhat obvious. The people working in these establishments appear to have a lower social economic status, and the fact that a paycheck is coming at the end of the week may be the only motivation they have. The stores do have an employee of the month plaque on the wall, but it is doubtful that this is motivation to strive day in and day out for. There is also the fear of potentially losing their jobs if they perform sub standard. V. Communication Both stores employed a very open communication policy. Employees were talking, sometimes shouting at one another to be heard. The management was openly involved in the employees routines and the employees felt no barriers to prevent their communication with the manager. Sometimes in both stores, there would be a break down in communication somewhere along the line and that would result in extended waiting times for customers and sometimes, screwed up orders. VI. Environment The environment at McDonalds and Burger King seems to be a simple, yet unstable one. It is apparent that the majority of people who work there, are not choosing their employment as a career option. Therefore, the workforce is constantly changing and adapting to new employees and new situations. VII. Job Design The design of the job in both McDonalds and Burger King ran smoothly at times. There was autonomy between the different positions. For example, the fry person would just make fries. If he ran into a problem, he could use his knowledge of the fry machine to fix the problem without having to go to management. There was a visual barrier between the different positions, however no position seemed more glorified than another one. VIII. Leadership Style There was similar leadership style employed by the management at both stores. Task orientation was essential to meeting the goal of fast food. Each person had to be focused on the task at hand, because during certain hours of the day, both stores were very busy. There seemed to be little flexibility from management if it meant compromising their goals. IX. Policies/Procedures/Rules/Standards Standardization seemed to be the key at both stores. One can walk into any McDonalds in the country and find that a Big Mac is the same everywhere. Similarly, a Whopper will taste the same at every location. Therefore, the ingredients, and cooking methods must remain constant throughout. There can be no variation. Rules and procedures were posted on clear signs and made directly available to the employee. X. Organization Climate There seemed to be individual autonomy for the most part at both stores. However, the reward system was not easy to identify. They seemed expected to do their job consistently and accurately, perhaps in fear of punishment. They received cooperation from management as long as they were working diligently. Contrast between McDonalds and Burger King Analysis: I. Organizational Goals At first glance there are no posters on the wall that state the goals that McDonalds are trying to each. A customer can find a list of the McDonalds goals in what look to be childrens flyers round the restaurant. The flyers stated that McDonalds goal is ?100% total customer satisfaction.? Also if you werent completely happy with your meal that the restaurant would do whatever it took to make it right. This is not a very realistic goal for a fast food restaurant because with the amount of food that is served everyday there is no way that every customer will be satisfied. When I got to Burger King there were no pamphlets for the customer to read. There was nothing that let the consumer know what the company was all about. There was a large sign, which read the slogan ?Workin for You.? This was what appeared to be the organization goal and it was interesting to see that the slogan was in improper English. Although this goal is much more realistic than the McDonalds counterpart. II. Organizational Structure Although the structure of the two organizations are basically the same there were two differences that I noticed. One difference is in the specific tasks of the employees working the front. In McDonalds there is one person who takes your order and gets your food. Only one person is helped at a time because the cashier has to wait for the food and then serve you. In Burger King there are two separate stations to order and then pick up your food. At the beginning of the line the customer orders and pays in exchange for a number. Then you move down the line to where the customer picks up the food in accordance with the number. This greatly speeds up the lines and reduces the waiting time. The other difference is in the management. At both restaurants there is one manager that handles all the employees working at the time. In McDonalds the manager was no where to be found but in Burger King the manager was at the front letting himself be seen and talking with the customers. .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa , .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa .postImageUrl , .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa , .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa:hover , .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa:visited , .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa:active { border:0!important; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa:active , .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufdb9325e3f90554c3b199def8185c0fa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Self Reflection Essay He also wore a different colored uniform to signify his position in the organization. III. Technology The production level of the two restaurants is the main difference in their technology. McDonalds makes their food in mass production. The burgers are already made and waiting under a heat lamp for you when you order. They are separated into rows depending on what type of burger you order. In Burger King the burgers arent already put together. The burger is cooking in the back but the toppings arent added till the individual orders come. This gives the customer a better chance of getting a fresh meal. IV. Communication There wasnt much communication going on in McDonalds when we were there. The cashiers didnt smile and werent that polite when taking my order. The communication between the cashiers and the cooks consisted of the cashiers screaming into the kitchen. The manager wasnt around so I wasnt able to see the managers interactions with the staff. At Burger King I was welcomed by a smile. The cashiers were nice and even held a conversation with me. The manager was out in front conversing with the staff and the employees. The staff appeared to treat the manager as a friend instead of a superior. V. Environment McDonalds environment was neither customer nor employee friendly. Everything in the restaurant is colored brown which just isnt inviting to customers. The staff has pinstriped uniforms that resemble prison uniforms. The restaurant was also badly lighted which didnt help the color. In Burger King there were windows everywhere and the restaurant was extremely bright. The staff wore bright colored uniforms and there was music playing which was enjoyable for the customers as well as the staff. After our group observed the interactions between management, employees, and customers at both operations, we discovered a few areas where Burger King and McDonalds both needed improvement. To begin with, our McDonalds experience was overall enjoyable, yet a few small, but important, details should be considered. Most of the employees uniforms were worn properly and neatly, but the rest were just plain sloppy. Shirts should be tucked in and clean, and hats should be worn the way hats were meant to be worn. This would show that employees value their jobs, and take them seriously. While we were dining, we could not help but notice the loud, high pitched, constant beeping noises coming from the kitchen area. These extremely irritating noises did not stop the entire time. This prevents the guests from enjoying their meals in a soft, relaxing atmosphere. Quiet background music at McDonalds would probably help the ambiance a bit and offset some of the noises coming from the kitchen. We also noticed that even though it was not busy, there was not a manager in sight. In fact, we can not be sure that one was on duty at the time of our visit. At Burger King it was nice to see the manager working along with the employees by taking orders and preparing food. The major problem that we found with Burger King was the lack of menu consistency. The location that we visited did not offer salads, while most other Burger Kings do. We feel that if a salad is available at one location, then a customer should expect to be able to enjoy the same salad at any Burger King. It is comforting to a customer to know that the food will be the same (in preparation and availability) at whichever store he or she chooses to visit. We did enjoy how they were willing to accommodate our personalized orders, but it is not appropriate to charge for one slice of tomato or lettuce. McDonalds did advertise quite a bit of community involvement and service. At Burger King we did not see signs of any type of contribution to the community. People may think that the company is greedy and only cares about profit. A charity would show that Burger King cares about the community. In addition, both of these restaurants desperately need to incorporate the fundamentals of great service into their game plans. It would make a tremendous difference if a cashier would very simply smile and say ?thank you? after returning your change. From the expressions on the faces of some of the employees we felt as if we ruined their entire day just by walking through the door! Personality and attitude should be major considerations when hiring employees. Hire only those who will take pride in their jobs, be professional, and treat the guests very well. Our final recommendation for both operations is to adopt a ?Total Quality Management? philosophy. Food should come out with the right ingredients and at the correct temperature. It is a waste of time and money to make an order over again if it is not perfect the first time. With better training and communication there should be no reason for orders to be less than perfect. The proper attention could be directed to the next customer waiting in line. If things are done correctly the first time, it will save aggravation for the guest, who, by the way, will remember that his order came out exactly how he wanted it. Basically, just take care of the customer. Give employees the power to do whatever it takes to make them happy. Exceed their expectations and, in return, you will have a life long patron. He will be back again, and again, increasing long run profitability. This concept should be applied to McDonalds as well as Burger King, to helpattain their corporate goals. References McDonalds Corporation. (1992). We Guarantee It. Oak Brook, IL: Author. McDonalds Corporation. (1992). Good Neighbors. Oak Brook, IL: Author Marketing and Advertising

American Culture Essays

American Culture Essays American Culture Essay American Culture Essay Essay Topic: True Grit American culture is rich, complex, and unique.It emerged from short rapid European invasion of vast landmasses, sparsely settled by diverse indigenous peoples.The Africans arrival added yet another new layer of unique cultural complexity to the territories named the New World.These three cultures, European, Indian, and African were very different and yet a lot alike.Their ways of life were significantly diverse although they did share some similarities.It is a combination of these differences and similarities being brought together that have become part of the foundation for the cultivation of a new culture. These three groups when coming together brought with them their own unique practices of social structure.The African and Indian village structure was based on Kinship, the relationship by blood or marriage to another or others, and was the fundamental component of their village structure, (Encarta).Important also was the fact that these two societies were matrilineal, property and political status descended through the mother rather than the father (Tindall 113).Europeans, as the Indians and Africans, also based their social structure on kinship, but this is were the similarities ended.European society was patrilineal, meaning, descent is established by tracing descent exclusively through males from founding male ancestor (Encarta). Gender roles among these three cultures had different views and practices although, African and Indian gender role beliefs had many similarities.Both African and Indian cultures depended upon the male to provide through hunting, fishing, and defense.Women were expected to rear the offspring, support, gather, and maintain the home front.African relationships were typically egalitarian in nature, the husband and wife had equal status in their marriage (Encarta).

Risk Management Week 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Management Week 4 - Essay Example However, business enterprises must be aware of possible risk factors in respect to data integrity, data availability, and data disposal while outsourcing data storage to external providers. Service providers need to manage the data of several businesses, and hence they might host all these data on the same storage server. Under this circumstance, the organization must ensure that its data are not mixed with others’ data and are separated by the application of proper virtualization software so as to enhance data integrity. As Kaur (2007) points out, timely data availability often becomes a challenge while outsourcing data storage to external parties. In order to address this issue, the organization must clearly prioritize its data availability requirements so that the service provider can properly place the data on the server (p. 110). Finally, in order to improve data security business houses must make sure that external service providers no longer store the unwanted or expire d data. When hiring an enterprise service provider for processing information system applications including payroll, workforce management, and sales order taking, organizations actually put a part of their operations in the hands of someone else. If the service provider is not trustworthy, this business practice will dreadfully affect even the survival of the firm. There are many rules and regulations governing the operations of enterprise service providers. Therefore, prior to contracting out a business function, a firm must ensure that the chosen service provider strictly adheres to such rules and regulations. In addition, it is good for companies to choose enterprise service providers who have a strong reputation for their previous business dealings. Experts suggest that an extensive research would assist firms to identify a reliable service provider in this

Euthanasia should be illegal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Euthanasia should be illegal - Research Paper Example On the other hand, voluntary euthanasia is one which includes the consent of the patient while involuntary euthanasia does not include the consent of the patients because they are not in a position to make any credible decision (Kon 459). Lastly, involuntary euthanasia occurs when a person requests not to be killed only to end up being killed. This paper will give reasons why it’s immoral for the physicians to assist in suicide. According to the constitution of United States, every citizen has the right to live. The constitution also states clearly that there is no one who has the right to take the life of the other. As a result, it’s illegal and unethical for any person to decide if the other person will live or not. With the increasing stress levels in the world, making such a move to be legal will lead to increased cases of euthanasia (Pereira 1075). Many physicians will be faced with many cases of voluntary euthanasia. It’s immoral for any physicians to help either in voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. Research indicates that when patients are in very intense pain, they are likely to take actions that are regrettable. As a result, voluntary euthanasia is an unethical way of giving a person who is not of sound mind an opportunity to make a critical decision about his existence. Allowing physician assisted suicide will increase cases of negligence in our hospitals. Currently, the number of negligence cases in the health facilities has increased tremendously. As a result, when physicians are given the ability to terminate the lives of patients suffering from painful and terminal diseases, they will not put any effort to prolong the lives of these people. Instead, they will just be administering lethal drugs to such patients in order to end their lives. Therefore, they will get an escape route, an aspect that will reduce their levels

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Essay Example for Free

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Essay The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international comparative assessment about mathematics and science education that is organized by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). The survey has been administered periodically in cycles of 4 years since 1995. Initially TIMSS was an acronym for the Third International Mathematics and Science Study, which identified its position as the third study following the First and Second International Mathematics and Science Studies (FIMS SIMS) in 1964 and 1982 respectively. A similar study to the 1995 TIMSS (using the same technical framework) was carried out in 1999, and was referred to as the Third International Mathematics and Science Study Repeat (TIMSS-R). The 2003 study was the third cycle of studies based on the 1995 assessment framework, and the acronym TIMSS was redefined to mean Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (http://nces.ed.gov/timss). With funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the TIMSS assessment was to be offered more timely in intervals of 4 years. Table 1 gives an overview on the TIMSS assessment, target populations, and the number of countries that participated in each administration. Table 1. TIMSS assessments and participating countries at the 8th grade level Study Name Acronym Year Number of Countries Target population Grades tested Third International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 1994/5 42 3rd /4th, 7th/8th , 12th Third International Mathematics and Science Study Repeat. TIMSS-R 1998/9 40 8th Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 2002/3 46 4th 8th Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 2006/7 Over 60 4th, 8th, (12th rescheduled 2008) TIMSS is considered the largest, most comprehensive, rigorous, and extensive international comparative educational study ever conducted (Alejandro, 2000). It touches on almost every facet of the learning of science and mathematics. The 2003 TIMSS project was comprised of over 360 000 students, over 38 000 teachers, and over 12 000 school principals, and as many as 1 500 contextual variables were included in addition to variables on student achievement scores (Nelson, 2002; TIMSS‟ User guide 2003). TIMSS aims at providing policy makers and educational practitioners with information and indicators about their national educational systems from an international perspective. Alejandro argues that TIMSS serves a â€Å"mirror† function to participating countries to reflect comparatively on their education systems. Martin and Kelly (2004) suggest that TIMSS tests go beyond measuring achievement to including a thorough investigation of curriculum and how it is delivered in classrooms around the world. In a nutshell, the assessment is perceived to be valid and reliable as a measure of student achievement. However, the TIMSS assessments are not without critics. Among the critical voices is that of Wolf (2002) who questions the validity issues of the TIMSS studies. His contention is that TIMSS, being an international assessment, may have testing procedures that are not appropriate for some countries‟ usual testing practices. Related to that, Zuzovsky (2000) specifically questions the reliability of these tests. He argues that the heavily elaborated coding systems inherent in the TIMSS scoring procedures yield lower inter-rater consistency and also that translation of achievement tests into different languages brings the reliability of the assessments into question. The downside of cross-sectional assessments such as the TIMSS projects did not escape the attention of de Lange (2007) who questions the assumption behind international studies that a single test can give comparable measures of curriculum effects across countries. In spite of these criticisms, Alejandro, the chairman of IEA, sees the worth in countries participating in the TIMSS surveys. He argues that â€Å"More than just league tables, the TIMSS data place achievement in an international context where it can be considered from multiple perspectives† (Alejandro, 2000, p. 2). A similar statement was expressed more than 35 years ago by Bock (1970). He perceived the world as shrinking through technology. In support of international studies, he argued that through participation in international studies and by sharing educational reports, countries get a glimpse of each other‟s cultural practices. The TIMSS international reports give an overall impression of the impact that different education factors have on students‟ performance in different countries. It is by further engaging in secondary analysis of the TIMSS data and by conducting further studies related to the findings of TIMSS assessments that countries better understand their schooling system. In particular, it is important to identify areas of concern and address those systematically rather than attempt to replicate another country`s curriculum system simply because the schooling system there seems to be effective. Education indicators are numerous and vary in their effect from country to country. It is possible that each of the 1,500 contextual variables administered in the TIMSS surveys were included because of some supporting literature on their influence on students‟ learning. TIMSS as model of Educational Achievement The literature on models of educational indicators and their performance as a system together with research studies that model student learning achievement as a function of the characteristics of their schools and their family background is extensive (Oakes, 2006; Kaplan Elliott, 2007; Kaplan Kreisman, 2000; Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001). However, in spite of the extensive literature on the subject of modeling of educational data, no single model of educational performance has gained widespread acceptance (Oakes, 2006; Nelson, 2002). This lack of a global model was noted by Nelson in relation to the TIMSS projects, that, although rigorously executed, and with all its popularity (with more participants than any other IEA study), TIMSS has not attempted to come up with a prescriptive model that relates educational factors to student achievement that can be applicable across nations. Nelson is adamant that any attempt to provide a universal model would not be wise because countries differ in their educational policies and instructional practices so that a one-size fits- all model would not be realistic. That said, though models of educational performance seem diverse as suggested by the literature, in Haertel, Walberg, and Weinstein‟s (2003) view, they have more commonalities than differences. Haertel et al. conducted a meta-analysis of studies that modeled school performance data and found that the presented models had a common structure. Though the models differed in their specifications, their structures were comprised of three categories of pre-existing conditions (cognitive/affective attributes and resources), instructional processes (opportunity to learn, quality of instruction), and outcome measures (achievement, affective behaviors). These models presented student performance as a function of student, teacher, and/or school background variables. Studies of interest to my research are those that modeled students‟ performance as a function of their background variables; the model of interest that informed my variable selection is the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model by Oakes (2006), or Rand Model (Shavelson, McDonnell, Oakes, 2006). The IPO model has similar structural components as the models that were reviewed by Haertel et al. (2003) and models student achievement as a function of some resources. I selected this model for my conceptual framework because of its scope of coverage of educational indicators. The model presents a holistic conception of student learning in a classroom setting and it appears frequently in literature that analyzes large scale data (e.g. Kaplan and Kreisman, 2000; Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001 analyzing TIMSS data). Additionally, it has been used extensively to guide education researchers in the selection, specification, and analysis of educational variables that correlate with student learning outcomes (Kaplan Elliott, 2007; Kaplan Kreisman, 2000; Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001). It is taken as one of the influential models in shaping public opinion and policy on how to foster school improvement. TIMSS Input-Process-Output Model The input-process-output (IPO) model by TIMSS is one of the improved versions of the traditional input-output (IO) models of school organizational data (Glasman, Biniaminov, 2001). Glasman and Biniaminov reported that the input-output traditional model employed research strategies that measured changes in the systems‟ outputs brought about by changes in the systems‟ inputs. The IO model was criticized for not taking the academic environment into account and for oversimplifying the schooling process by portraying it as linear. According to Glasman and Biniaminov, â€Å"the input-output analyses [did] not deal with characteristics of the dynamic and ongoing interrelationships between students and teachers or those among students themselves† (p. 509). To overcome the problem, Oakes‟ model added a third component (processes) that mediated the input variables into the output variables and that also provided an educational context for the model. The process component focuses on classroom characteristics such as instructional quality issues (explained in the next section under measures for the model). Oakes‟ model is therefore comprised of three components of an educational system: inputs, processes, and outputs (IPO) (Figure1). Figure 1. A comprehensive Model of an Educational System INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS Fiscal and Curriculum Achievement other quality resources School quality Instructional Participation Quality Dropouts Teacher Characteristics Teaching quality Student Attitudes Background Aspirations Note. The arrows indicate the direction of effect Briefly stated, according to Shavelson, McDonnell, and Oakes, (2001) â€Å"the TIMSS model‟s inputs are the human and financial resources available to education† (p. 13): This includes teacher quality (e.g. certification and experience), student background (e.g. parents‟ education and home possessions), and school quality (e.g. school climate). â€Å"Its processes are what is taught and how it is taught† (p. 13): This includes classroom characteristics such as curriculum quality (e.g. pace and coverage of materials), teaching quality (e.g. integration between teacher, pupil, and materials), and instructional quality (e.g. instructional tasks, teaching methods, and classroom climate) and â€Å"its outputs are the consequences of schooling for students from different backgrounds† (p. 13) such as academic achievement, participation (what percentage graduate versus drop out), and attitudes (e.g. any desires to continue studying math or career goals that are math related). The TIMSS model is complex and provides insight into how the various components of the education system relate to one another. As noted earlier, one of the shortcomings of the traditional input output model was its structure in which nested data was treated as though linear, and the TIMSS model addressed that problem. This was noted by Kaplan and Elliott that â€Å"the TIMSS‟ model, is one instantiation of the organizational structure of schooling that captures its hierarchical nature† (Kaplan, Elliott, 2007; p. 221). The two suggested that the model was multilevel in form and was testable through statistical methodologies that take the multilevel nature of educational data into consideration. Kaplan and Elliot used the model for their framework to propose a model-based approach for validating educational indicators that explicitly took into account the organizational features of schooling. The two contended from their model that it was not necessary for every indicator that has ever been suggested for collection to actually appear in the model. To them, it is the research questions and the goals for the investigations that should determine which indicators to include in a statistical model. Nevertheless, Oakes (2006) advised that a single indicator of each component of the educational system was inadequate. What was needed, in his view, was for each component to have indicators of all its most critical dimensions, and, â€Å"without a series of indicators that assesses all important facets of the schooling processes (the 3 components of the model), we can neither understand the system`s overall health nor determine the conditions under which a particular goal is met† (Oakes, 2006, p. 8). Oakes further observed that each of the three components appeared to be necessary but insufficient by itself to convey full information about school effects. That is, although a system of indicators measures distinct components of the education model, it also provides information about how the individual components work together to produce the overall effect. What can be deduced from Oake`s remarks is that studies that model only one component of the educational system may not be doing an adequate job of conveying the necessary information about the school effects. Conclusions What I considered informative from TIMSS and through the deliberations by Kaplan and Elliott (2007) about TIMSS`s model in general, and its use in particular, was how to utilize its structure to reach the different components of an education system holistically. It was of interest that the TIMSS model has flexible attributes in those variables could be rearranged to reflect the hierarchical nature of classroom data as evidenced in the current study in subsequent chapters. In one study, Kaplan and Kreisman (2000) used the TIMSS` model to validate indicators of mathematics education using its data. Rather than group their variables into the three distinct categories of Input-Process-Output as outlined in the model structure, they contended that since TIMSS` model was inherently multilevel, a subset of the inputs and processes occurred at higher levels of the education system. As a result, they grouped their indicators into three organizational levels: student, teacher, and school. That is to say, although TIMMS` model (Figure 1) groups school resources, teacher quality, and student background as one category of input (or prerequisite) variables, these indicators occur at different hierarchical levels of the school organization. Some of the variables included in the Kaplan and Kreisman model were: †¢Ã¯â‚¬  At student level: mathematics achievement, attitude toward mathematics, utility of mathematics, parents’ education, and mother’s expectations. †¢Ã¯â‚¬  At teacher level: method of instruction, teacher collaboration with colleagues, teacher’s level of education, and teaching experience. †¢Ã¯â‚¬  At school level: opportunities for continuing professional development, good facilities, school climate, level of discipline, and outstanding teacher recognition. Needless to say, Kaplan and Kreisman`s (2000) variables were representative of the three components of the IPO model even though the variables were grouped differently. Some of the variables they used were composite indicators. These were variables such as attitudes and methods of instruction. The two authors ran factor analyses to help group related items into the composite indicators and they had mathematics achievement as their outcome measure. In summary, TIMMS` model is more of a conceptual framework than a prescriptive one. That is, it does not prescribe what variables one should include in a statistical model for testing educational performance, but offers guidance about the components from which to draw the variables. Directions for Future Research TIMSS data have opened extensive avenues for further research work. In conclusion, this paper has evidenced the complexities involved in TIMSS data. It is hoped that this study and other studies that continue to model TIMSS data and pilot TIMSS instruments will help to illuminate the factors that explain student achievement in the us and in many other countries and to direct policy interventions.

The Coyotes Weren’t Kosher: Women’s Role in Preservation of Dietary Tradition in Pioneering Southwest :: Essays Papers

The Coyotes Weren’t Kosher: Women’s Role in Preservation of Dietary Tradition in Pioneering Southwest Women have always played a major role in the practice of Judaism. They have many responsibilities and obligations to fulfill due to of their faith. Yet, they also must raise their families and often work to provide for their family. Overtime, Jewish women have become an example of women’s ability to live very demanding lives and still sustain her religious devotion. Jewish women have had to overcome numerous obstacles in incorporating the changes inherent with ever-evolving life with their static religious duties. Thus was the case for any Jew who chose to move away from their community and start a new life. Many pioneers found it hard to remain practicing Jews when there were no other Jewish people around them. Some observances became difficult to exercise given the surrounding and Jews would sometimes have to compromise their traditions with physical practicality. This led to great personal struggle for women who had always felt that the family’s religious san ctity was her responsibility. But these fascinatingly resourceful and dedicated women found ways to overcome the hindrances that their new home provided and still plant the seeds that would grow into a rich and strong Jewish community regardless of where they lived. There were many problems that these pioneering Jews experienced when they tried to adhere to Jewish custom in places where keeping kosher was a unpracticed tradition. This was especially true in the founding of the southwest. It became apparent to Jewish mothers that there would be many difficulties ahead of them. In particular, the Jewish religion calls for its member to follow a strict collection of dietary laws. These laws mandated the separation of meat and milk products and the cleansing of all utensils that came into contact with these foods (Siegel 1959). The women were required to follow certain rules in food preparation. It was important that these rules to preparing the food, especially meat, were followed by any devote Jews. These dietary laws are followed not healthiness, but out of holiness. Judaism teaches that man must give reverence for the things that he has, and those that he takes (Stiengroot 1995). This explains the principal of hollowing one’s natu ral actions to make them holy and is directly illustrated by the way in which a Jewish woman runs her kitchen.

Helicopter Emergency Medical Service

Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Air medical transport has only been used for the past 70 years. The first true air ambulance flight was during the Great War. A Serbian officer was transported from the battlefield to the hospital by plane. Air ambulance was being tested by different military organizations during the First World War. Schaefer Air services was the first United States air ambulance service, created in 1947. The Korean War was the big turning point for EMS helicopters. In 1950, the military was given authorization to use helicopters for medical purposes.These helicopters were used to evacuate injured patients from the battlefield during combat. The small helicopters were equipped with basket stretchers that were attached to the landing gear. The patients were transported outside of the aircraft, which did not allow for medical during transport. From January 1951 to January 1953 more than 17,000 patients were removed from the battlefield and transported to the hospita l by helicopter. The use of medical helicopter transport significantly decreased the causality/death rate among the people in combat.World War II death/causality rate was 4. 5 deaths per 100 casualties, whereas, the Korean War death/casualty rate was 2. 5 deaths per 100 casualties. The Vietnam War introduced to idea of patients receiving medical care during air transport. The Bell UH-1 also known as the Huey was the frost helicopter that was large enough to carry the patient and medical staff inside the aircraft. The state of Maryland started the nation’s first combined emergency service helicopter program, in 1969. This program was put into place by the Maryland State Police and the University of Maryland.The program joined together the state police, rescue and HEMS (helicopter emergency medical service). In 1972, St. Anthony Central Hospital in Denver Colorado was the first hospital to have civilian hospital-based helicopter transport. This hospital-based helicopter transpo rt system is still in use today and is now intergrated with Denver EMS. The attributes of helicopter transport are speed, accessibility, specialized personnel and technology. Modern medical helicopters are capable of sustain speeds in excess of 150mph. This allows for patients to be transported to a specialized care center much faster than ground transport.Using a helicopter allows for emergency medical personnel to access patients in places ground crews cannot go. A helicopter can take off and land in a vertical motion. Emergency medical helicopters are staffed with highly trained and skilled staff. EMS helicopters are equipped with highly sophisticated medical technology and can reach people across a wide geographical area. When considering the use of the EMS helicopter you should take all these attributes into consideration. If these attributes are not important, then the use of an expensive EMS helicopter should not be used.Air medical transport can pose its own stressors to pat ients, medical staff and medical equipment. These stressors are more predominant in fixed-wing operations rather than helicopter transport. Hypoxemia is the biggest threat to people who fly. However helicopters no dot exceed 1000 feet above sea level. Patients being transported by helicopter are at no significant risk of hypoxemia secondary to decreased ambient pressure. Acceleration of the aircraft is another factor that can stress the patient. Helicopter acceleration force is not that much different than that of ground transport.Acceleration is more significant in fixed-wing aircraft. Noise is a major issue when it comes to helicopter transport. The noise inside the helicopter causes problems for the medical staff. The noise may hinder the medical staff from hearing lung sounds. The staff must use headphones and an intercom system to communicate. Vibration of the aircraft is another problem for the patient and staff. The vibrations can cause fatigue and discomfort to the patient. Vibration can also cause monitoring errors and equipment malfunction. Air medical transport has a few cons but when life is on the line these issues seem minor.Each helicopter has its own transport team. The transport team may consist of a pilot, registered nurse or paramedic, and can include EMT’s and EMT-I’s. Some flight crews include a physician. Physicians on fight crews have posed a lot of controversy as to whether a physician as a crew member improves the outcome of the patient. Each crew member must undergo many education courses as well as hands on training before being employed by HEMS. Safety is the most important aspect to HEMS. Emergency medical helicopters have an alarming history of crashes.The National Transportation Safety Board conducted a study to determine the major causes of helicopter crashes. Important areas of flight risk are the pilots, the mechanics of the aircraft, crew training, maintenance, weather conditions, time of day, and landing sites. The study showed that poor weather conditions posed the greatest risk for helicopter crashes. Since, the study many improvements have been made to improve the crash rate. It has been said that the sole decision is set on the pilot as to whether it is safe enough to take the flight or not.The pilot must consider the weather conditions, aircraft maintainence, and crew readiness. Medical personnel cannot make the decision to take the call. Medical personnel should not tell the pilot the nature of the call, because this may deter the pilot’s judgment. Currently the Federal Aviation Administration is looking to make changes in the safety procedures of HEMS. Air medical transport is generally used in for two reasons, rescue and inter-hospital transfer. Helicopter transport is very expensive and is potentially dangerous.Rescue helicopters are dispatched by emergency personnel at the scene. The helicopter reports to the scene of the accident or illness. When should a EMS helicopter be dispatched? EMS helicopter should only be called out when speed, accessibility, specialized equipment and personnel are all needed to save life or limb. Inter-hospital air medical transport is generally used to transfer critically ill patients to another hospital that suites the needs of the patient. There are two types of landing sites for EMS helicopters. One type is the controlled site. The controlled site located at hospitals.These landing sites are constructed to safely accomindate the aircraft. The second type of landing site is the uncontrolled landing site. The uncontrolled landing site is landing at the scene of an accident. The landing site is selected by the ground EMS. The pilot looks at the site and determines if it is safe to land or not. Ground EMS are trained on how to chose, and mark a landing site. Ground EMS personnel are also trained on how to behave around the aircraft. When a patient is going to be transported by air the ground EMS must prepare the patient f or transport.The EMS ground crew should have the patient stabilized as much as possible before transport. Another way ground EMS can prepare the patient is to intubate a patient that has a high potential for loss of airway. Good communication is the biggest factor in a successful transport. Ground EMS typically has radio communication with the helicopter. The communication between the two should be maintained until after the helicopter takes off. Maintaining good communication allows the flight crew to inform ground EMS of any major, unexpected patient complications or malfunctions of the aircraft.EMS helicopters must have well trained, diverse flight crews. These crew members must be able to perform their duties on the scene of an accident and while in flight. The crew members are trained to handle many different types of patients such as drowning, burns, spinal cord injuries, heart attacks, pediatric and neonatal patients. The flight nurse is responsible for the patient assessment , and interventions before loading the patient on the aircraft. The flight nurse must know how to use all the equipment and know all the safety guidelines pertaining to the aircraft.There are many different requirements to becoming a flight paramedic. A person who wants to become a flight paramedic must be able to work in chaotic situations. Becoming a flight paramedic involves a lot of hard work and dedication. The person who wants to become a paramedic must have at least one year EMT experience and many different certifications such as: CPR, Basic Life Support (BLS), Basic Pediatric Life Support (BPLS), Basic Trauma Life Support (BTLS), Neo Natal Life Support (NALS), Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), and Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS).In order to become a flight paramedic this person would have to have at least 5 years critical care experience in a high volume progressive EMS system. Becoming a flight paramedic is no easy task.References Formm, Jr. Robert E. â€Å"Air medical transport†. Journal of Family Practice. March 1993. http://www. findarticals. com/p/articles. html . 1 Oct. 2010. Kreisher, Otto. â€Å"The Rise of the Helicopter During the Korean War†. Aviation History Magazine. History. net Jan 2007. http://www. historynet. com/the-rise-of-the -helicopter-during-the-korean-war. htm. 1 Oct. 010 Federal Aviation Administration. â€Å"Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Safety. †8 June 2010. http://www. faa. gov/news/fact_sheets/news_story. cfm? newsID+6763. 1 Oct. 2010. Lenworth M. Jacobs, MD, MPH, FACS, and Bennet, Barbra, RN, MPH. â€Å"The Critical Care Helicopter System in Trauma. † Hartford Conneticut.. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC/articles. 1 Oct. 2010 Gentile. Rosanne. â€Å"How to Become a Flight Paramedic: Required Qualifications and Education. † Associated Content. 18 August 2008. http://associatedcontent. com. 1 Oct. 2010